OUR
PUBLICATIONS
Discover our scientific articles in behaviour, emotion, communication and cognition of vertebrates that have been published in international journals
Sound evidence for biodiversity monitoring
2024
Rasmussen, J. H., Stowell, D., Briefer, E. F. 2024. Sound evidence for biodiversity monitoring. Science. 385. 138-140.
Vocal repertoire and individuality in the plains zebra (Equus quagga)
2024
Xie, B., Daunay, V., Petersen, T. C., Briefer, E. F. 2024. Vocal repertoire and individuality in the plains zebra (Equus quagga). R. Soc. Open Sci. 11:240477.
Global wildlife trade and trafficking contribute to the world’s nonhuman primate conservation crisis
2024
Garber, P. A., Estrada, A., Shanee, S., Svensson, M. S., Arregoitia, L. V., Nijman, V., Shanee, N., Gouveia, S. F., Nekaris, K. A. I., Chaudhary, A., Bicca-Marques, J. C., Hansen, M. F. 2024. Global wildlife trade and trafficking contribute to the world’s nonhuman primate conservation crisis. Front. Conserv. Sci. 5:1400613.
A model for the noninvasive, habitat-inclusive estimation of upper limit abundance for synanthropes, exemplified by M. fascicularis
2024
Koch Liston, A. L., Zhu, X., Bang, T. V., Phiapalath, P., Hun, S., Ahmed, T., Hasan, S., Biswas, S., Nath, S., Ahmed, T., Ilham, K., Lwin, N., Frechette, J. L., Hon, N., Agger, C., Ai, S., Auda, E., Gazagne, E., Kamler, J. F., Groenenberg, M., Banet-Eugene, S., Challis, N., Vibol, N., Leroux, N., Sinovas, P., Reaksmey, S., Muñoz, V. H., Lappan, S., Zainol, Z., Albanese, V., Alexiadou, A., Nielsen, D. R. K., Holzner, A., Ruppert, N., Briefer, E. F., Fuentes, A., Hansen, M. F. 2024. A model for the noninvasive, habitat-inclusive estimation of upper limit abundance for synanthropes, exemplified by M. fascicularis. Sci. Adv. 10. eadn5390.
The power of sound: unravelling how acoustic communication shapes group dynamics
2024
Briefer, E. F., Xie, B., Engesser, S., Sueur, C., Freeberg, T. M., Brask, J. B. 2024. The power of sound: unravelling how acoustic communication shapes group dynamics. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 379: 20230182.
Exploring the role of vocalizations in regulating group dynamics
2024
Bing, X., Brask, J. B., Dabelsteen, T., and Briefer, E. F. 2024. Exploring the role of vocalizations in regulating group dynamics. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B37920230183.
A scoping review of the use of bioacoustics to assess various components of farm animal welfare
2024
Coutant, M., Villain, A. S., Briefer, E. F. 2024. A scoping review of the use of bioacoustics to assess various components of farm animal welfare. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 275. 106286.
The role of neighbour proximity and context on meerkat close call acoustic structure
2024
Driscoll, I., Briefer, E. F., Manser, M. B. 2024. The role of neighbour proximity and context on meerkat close call acoustic structure. Animal Behaviour. 212. 113-126.
Isochrony in barks of Cape fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) pups and adults
2024
Osiecka, A. N., Fearey, J., Ravignani, A., & Burchardt, L. S. 2024. Isochrony in barks of Cape fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) pups and adults. Ecology and Evolution. 14. e11085.
Strong individual distinctiveness across the vocal repertoire of a colonial seabird, the little auk, Alle alle
2024
Osiecka, A. N., Briefer, E. F., Kidawa, D., Wojczulanis-Jakubas, K. 2024. Strong individual distinctiveness across the vocal repertoire of a colonial seabird, the little auk, Alle alle. Animal Behaviour. 210. 199-211.
Calls of the little auk (Alle alle) chicks reflect their behavioural contexts
2024
Osiecka, A. N., Briefer, E. F., Kidawa, D., Żurawska, F., Wojczulanis-Jakubas, K. 2024. Calls of the little auk (Alle alle) chicks reflect their behavioural contexts. PLoS ONE 19(2): e0299033.
Facing danger: exploring personality and reactions of european hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) towards robotic lawn mowers
2024
Rasmussen, S. L., Schrøder, B. T., Berger, A., Macdonald, D. W., Pertoldi, C., Briefer, E. F., Alstrup, A. K. O. 2024. Facing danger: exploring personality and reactions of european hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) towards robotic lawn mowers. Animals. 14. 2.
Coexisting with carnivores: insights into local attitudes toward African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in the Maasai Mara, Kenya
2023
Cornu, L., Broekhuis, F., Kavwele, C. M., Mogensen, N., Sakat D., Briefer, E. F. 2023. Coexisting with carnivores: insights into local attitudes toward African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in the Maasai Mara, Kenya. Human Dimensions of Wildlife.
Social calls of the little auk (Alle alle) reflect body size and possibly partnership, but not sex
2023
Osiecka, A. N., Briefer, E. F., Kidawa, D. and Wojczulanis-Jakubas K. 2023. Social calls of the little auk (Alle alle) reflect body size and possibly partnership, but not sex. Royal Society Open Science.
Global online trade in primates for pets
2023
Nijman, V., Morcatty, Thais, Q., El Bizri, Hani, R., Al-Razi, H., Ang, A., Ardiansyah, A., Atoussi, S., Bergin, D., Bell, S., Braga-Pereira, F., Campera, M., Das, N., Silva, F, E., Feddema, K., Foreman, G., Fourage, A., Gnanaolivu, S, D., Hansen, M. F., Račevska, E., Rapone, Brittany, C., Regmi, G, R., Shepherd, C, R., Shukhova, S., Siriwat, P., Smith, J, H., Tabar, S, A, M, M., Tavares, A, S., Weldon, A, V., Wilson, A., Yamaguchi, N., Zhang, M., Svensson, M, S., Nekaris, A-I. Global online trade in primates for pets. Environmental Development. 100925.
Removal from the wild endangers the once widespread long-tailed macaque
2023
Gamalo, L. E., Ilham, K., Jones-Engel, L., Gill, M., Sweet, R., Aldrich, B., Phiapalath, P., Bang, T. V., Ahmed, T., Kite, S., Paramasivam, S., Seiha, H., Zainol, M. Z., Nielsen, R. R. K., Ruppert, N., Fuentes, A., Hansen, M. F. 2023. Removal from the wild endangers the once widespread long-tailed macaque. American Journal of Primatology. 10.1002/ajp.23547.
Seabird’s cry: repertoire and vocal expression of contextual valence in the little auk (Alle alle)
2023
Osiecka, A. N., Briefer, E. F., Kidawa, D. Wojczulanis-Jakubas, K. 2023. Seabird’s cry: repertoire and vocal expression of contextual valence in the little auk (Alle alle). Sci Rep 13. 8623.
Does the territorial behaviour of the Amur tiger affect the accuracy of occupancy estimation?
2023
Xie, B., Gong, Y., Fu, Y., Feng, L., Yang, H. 2023. Does the territorial behaviour of the Amur tiger affect the accuracy of occupancy estimation? bioRxiv. 2023. 01. 16. 524338.
The use of pigs vocalisation structure to assess the quality of human-pig relationship
2023
Villain, A. S., Guérin, C., Tallet, C. 2023. The use of pigs vocalisation structure to assess the quality of human-pig relationship. Peer Community Journal. 3. e36.
Delayed benefits for fallow bucks: more fights decrease same day mating success, but increase matings the next day
2023
Bateman-Neubert, A., Briefer, E. F., McElligott, A. 2023. Delayed benefits for fallow bucks: more fights decrease same day mating success, but increase matings the next day. Animal Behaviour. 200. 37-48.
Primate tourism
2023
Hansen, M. F., Kaburu, S. S. K., Morrow, K. S., Maréchal, L. 2023. Primate tourism. In: McKinney, T., Waters, S., Rodrigues, M. A. (Eds.), Primates in Anthropogenic Landscapes. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer, Cham.
The past, present, and future of the primate pet trade
2023
Alexander, S. D., Waters, S., Aldrich, B. C., Shanee, S., Clarke, T. A., Radford, L. Hansen, M. F., Gnanaolivu, S. D., Dempsey, A. 2023. The past, present, and future of the primate pet trade. In: McKinney, T., Waters, S., Rodrigues, M. A. (Eds.), Primates in Anthropogenic Landscapes. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer, Cham.
Age, empathy, familiarity, domestication and call features enhance human perception of animal emotion expressions
2022
Greenall, J. S., Cornu, L., Maigrot, A. L., Padilla de la Torre, M., Briefer, E. F. 2022. Age, empathy, familiarity, domestication and call features enhance human perception of animal emotion expressions. Royal Society Open Science. 9. 221138.
Goat kid recognition of their mothers' calls is not impacted by changes in fundamental frequency or formants
2022
Perroux, T. & McElligott, A. & Briefer, E. F. 2022. Goat kid recognition of their mothers’ calls is not impacted by changes in source-filter parameters. Journal of Zoology. 318.
Dairy vs beef production – expert views on welfare of cattle in common food production systems
2022
Mandel, R., Bracke, M. B. M., Nicol, C. J., Webster, J. A., Gygax, L. 2022. Dairy vs beef production – expert views on welfare of cattle in common food production systems. animal. 16.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on primate research and conservation
2022
Reuter, K. E., Andriantsaralaza, S., Hansen, M. F., LaFleur, M., Jerusalinsky, L., Louis, E. E., Ratzimbazafy, J., Williamson, E. A., Mittermeier, R. A. 2022. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on primate research and conservation. Animals. 12. 1214.
Cross-species discrimination of vocal expression of emotional valence by Equidae and Suidae
2022
Maigrot, A. L., Hillmann, E. & Briefer, E. F. 2022. Cross-species discrimination of vocal expression of emotional valence by Equidae and Suidae. BMC Biol 20. 106.
Scaling of maneuvering performance in baleen whales: larger whales outperform expectations
2022
Segre, P. S., Gough, W. T., Roualdes, E. A., Cade, D. E., Czapanskiy, M. F., Fahlbusch, J., Kahane-Rapport, S. R., Oestreich, W. K., Bejder, L., Bierlich, K. C., Burrows, J. A., Calambokidis, J., Chenoweth, E. M., Di Clemente, J., Durban, J. W., Fearnbach, H., Fish, F. E., Friedlaender, A. S., Hegelund, P., Johnston, D. W., Nowacek, D. P., Oudejans, M. G., Penry, G. S., Potvin, J., Simon, M., Stanworth, A., Straley, J. M., Szabo, A., Videsen, S. K. A., Visser, F., Weir, C. R., Wiley, D. N., Goldbogen, J. A. 2022. Scaling of maneuvering performance in baleen whales: larger whales outperform expectations. Journal of Experimental Biology. 225(5). 35234874.
Classification of pig calls produced from birth to slaughter according to their emotional valence and context of production
2022
Briefer, E. F., Sypherd, C. C. R., Linhart, P., Leliveld, L. M. C., Padilla de la Torre, M., Read, E. R., Guérin, C., Deiss, V., Monestier, C., Rasmussen, J. H., Špinka, M., Düpjan, S., Boissy, A., Janczak, A. M., Hillmann E. and Tallet, C. 2022. Classification of pig calls produced from birth to slaughter according to their emotional valence and context of production. Sci Rep. 12. 3409.
Monetary value of live trade in a commonly traded primate, the long-tailed macaque, based on global trade statistics
2022
Hansen, M. F., Gill, M., Briefer, E. F., Nielsen, D. R. K. and Nijman, V. 2022. Monetary value of live trade in a commonly traded primate, the long-tailed macaque, based on global trade statistics. Frontiers in Conservation Science. 3. 839131.
Evaluating the need to habituate: modern approaches to field primatology during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond
2022
Hansen, M. F., Kalan, A. K., Riley, E. P., Waters, S. 2022. Evaluating the need to habituate: modern approaches to field primatology during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Primate Conservation. 36.
Novel ideas to further expand the applicability of rhythm analysis
2021
Burchardt, L. S., Briefer, E. F., & Knörnschild, M. 2021. Novel ideas to further expand the applicability of rhythm analysis. Ecology and Evolution. 00. 1–9.
Baleen whale prey consumption based on high-resolution foraging measurements
2021
Savoca, M. S., Czapanskiy, M. F., Kahane-Rapport, S. R., Gough, W. T., Fahlbusch, J. A., Bierlich, K. C., Segre, P. S., Di Clemente, J., Penry, G. S., Wiley, D. N., Calambokidis, J., Nowacek, D. P., Johnston, D. W., Pyenson, N. D., Friedlaender, A. S., Hazen, E. L., Goldbogen, J. A. 2021. Baleen whale prey consumption based on high-resolution foraging measurements. Nature. 599. 85–90.
A relationship between the characteristics of the oval nucleus of the mesopallium and parrot vocal response to playback
2021
Walløe, S., Chakraborty, M., Balsby, T. J. S., Jarvis, E. D., Dabelsteen, T., Pakkenberg, B. 2021. A relationship between the characteristics of the oval nucleus of the mesopallium and parrot vocal response to playback. Brain Behav Evol. 96(1). 37-48. 34284396.
Scaling of oscillatory kinematics and Froude efficiency in baleen whales
2021
Gough, W. T., Smith, H. J., Savoca, M. S., Czapanskiy, M. F., Fish, F. E., Potvin, J., Bierlich, K. C., Cade, D. E., Di Clemente, J., Kennedy, J., Segre, P., Stanworth, A., Weir, C., Goldbogen, J. A. 2021. Scaling of oscillatory kinematics and Froude efficiency in baleen whales. Journal of Experimental Biology. 224(13). 237586.
Follow the leader? Orange-fronted conures eavesdrop on conspecific vocal performance and utilise it in social decisions
2021
Thomsen, H. M., Balsby, T. J. S., Dabelsteen, T. 2021. Follow the leader? Orange-fronted conures eavesdrop on conspecific vocal performance and utilise it in social decisions. PLoS ONE. 16(6). e0252374.
Contingency and determinism in the evolution of bird song sound frequency
2021
Friis, J. I., Dabelsteen, T., & Cardoso, G. C. 2021. Contingency and determinism in the evolution of bird song sound frequency. Sci Rep 11, 11600.
An exploratory investigation of glucocorticoids, personality and survival rates in wild and rehabilitated hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) in Denmark
2021
Rasmussen, S. L., Kalliokoski, O., Dabelsteen, T., Abelson, K. 2021. An exploratory investigation of glucocorticoids, personality and survival rates in wild and rehabilitated hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) in Denmark. BMC Ecol Evo 21, 96.
Contrasting use of space by two migratory Afro‑Palearctic warblers on their African non‑breeding grounds
2021
Mostafa, D. A. A., Willemoes, M., Salewski, V., Ortvad, T. E., Dabelsteen, T. 2021. Contrasting use of space by two migratory Afro-Palearctic warblers on their African non-breeding grounds. J Ornithol.
Vocalisations in farm animals: a step towards positive welfare assessment
2021
Laurijs, K. A., Briefer, E. F., Reimert, I., Webb, L. E. 2021. Vocalisations in farm animals: a step towards positive welfare assessment. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 105264.
Conservation of Long-tailed macaques: implications of the updated IUCN status and the COVID-19 pandemic
2021
Hansen, M. F., Gill, M., Nawangsari, V. A., Sanchez, K. L., Cheyne, S. M., Nijman, V., Fuentes, A. 2021. Conservation of Long-tailed macaques: implications of the updated IUCN status and the COVID-19 pandemic. Primate Conservation. 35.
The allometry of sound frequency bandwidth in songbirds
2021
Isager Friis J., Sabino, J., Santos, P., Dabelsteen, T., and Cardoso, C. G. 2021. The allometry of sound frequency bandwidth in songbirds. The American Naturalist.
Stereotypic behaviour in horses lowers stress but not spatial learning performance
2020
Briefer Freymond, S., Beuret, S., Ruet, A., Zuberbühler, K., Bachmann, I., Briefer, E. F. 2020. Stereotypic behaviour in horses lowers stress but not spatial learning performance. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 232. 105099.
Elusive cats in our backyards: persistence of the North Chinese leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis) in a human‐dominated landscape in central China
2020
Yang, H., Xie, B., Zhao, G., Gong, Y., Mou, P., Ge, J., Feng, L. 2020. Elusive cats in our backyards: persistence of the North Chinese leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis) in a human-dominated landscape in central China. Integrative Zoology 00, 1–17.
Comparative home range size and habitat selection in provisioned and non-provisioned long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Baluran National Park, East Java, Indonesia
2020
Hansen, M. F., Ellegaard, S., Moeller, M. M., van Beest, F. M., Fuentes, A., Nawangsari, V. A., Groendahl, C., Frederiksen, M. L., Stelvig, M., Schmidt, N. M., Traeholt, C., & Dabelsteen, T. 2020. Comparative home range size and habitat selection in provisioned and non-provisioned long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Baluran National Park, East Java, Indonesia. Contributions to Zoology, Brill, 1-19.
Review of GPS collar deployments and performance on nonhuman primates
2020
Dore, K. M., Hansen, M. F., Klegarth, A. R., Fichtel, C. Koch, F., Springer, A., Kappeler, P., Parga, J. A., Humle, T., Colin, C. Raballand, C., Huang, Z., Qi, X., Di Fiore, A., Link, A., Stevenson, P. R., Stark, D, J., Tan, N., Gallagher, C, A., Jane Anderson, C., Campbell, J. C., Kenyon, M., Pebsworth, P., Sprague, D., Jones-Engel J., & Fuentes, A. 2020. Review of GPS collar deployments and performance on nonhuman primates. Primates. 61. 373–387.
Investigation of reward quality-related behaviour as a tool to assess emotions
2020
Baciadonna, L., Briefer, E. F., McElligott, A. G. 2020. Investigation of reward quality-related behaviour as a tool to assess emotions. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 225. 104968.
Vocal expression of emotional arousal and valence in non-human animals. In T. Aubin and N. Mathevon (Eds.), Animal Signals and Communications: Coding strategies in vertebrate acoustic communication
2020
Briefer, E. F. 2020. Vocal expression of emotional arousal and valence in non-human animals. In T. Aubin and N. Mathevon (Eds.), Animal Signals and Communications: Coding strategies in vertebrate acoustic communication. Springer.
Vocalizations. In I. Camerlink (Ed.). Pigs: Welfare in Practice
2020
Tallet, C., Leliveld, L., Briefer, E. F. 2020. Vocalizations. In I. Camerlink (Ed.). Pigs: Welfare in Practice. Sheffield: 5m Publishing.
Experimental evidence for a role of dopamine in avian personality traits
2020
Silva, P. A., Trigo, S., Marques, C. I., Cardoso, G. C., Soares, M. C. 2020. Experimental evidence for a role of dopamine in avian personality traits. Journal of Experimental Biology. 223.
Proactive common waxbills make fewer mistakes in a cognitive assay, the detour-reaching task
2020
Gomes, A. C. R., Guerra, S., Silva, P. A., Marques, C. I., Trigo, S., Boogert, N. J., & Cardoso, G. C. 2020. Proactive common waxbills make fewer mistakes in a cognitive assay, the detour-reaching task. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 74. 1-15.
Habitat suitability analysis reveals high ecological flexibility in a ''strict'' forest primate
2020
Hansen, M. F., Nawangsari, V. A., van Beest, F. M., Schmidt, N. M., Stelvig, M., Dabelsteen, T., & Nijman, V. 2020. Habitat suitability analysis reveals high ecological flexibility in a ''strict'' forest primate. Frontiers in Zoology. 17. 13.
Estimating densities and spatial distribution of a commensal primate species, the long‐tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis)
2019
Hansen, M. F., Nawangsari, V. A., van Beest, F. M., Schmidt, N. M., Traeholt, C., Fuentes, A., Stelvig, M., & Dabelsteen, T. 2019. Estimating densities and spatial distribution of a commensal primate species, the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis). Conservation Science and Practice.
Vocal expression of emotional valence in pigs across multiple call types and contexts
2019
Briefer, E. F., Linhart, P., Policht, R., Špinka, M., Leliveld, L. M. C., Düpjan, S., Puppe, B., Padilla de la Torre, M., Janczak, A. J., Bourguet, C., Deiss, V., Boissy, A., Guérin, C., Read, E., Coulon, M., Hillmann, E., Tallet, C. 2019. Vocal expression of emotional valence in pigs across multiple call types and contexts. Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Vocal interactivity in-and-between Humans, Animals and Robots. PeerJ Preprints. 7:e27934v1.
Goats distinguish between positive and negative emotion-linked vocalisations
2019
Baciadonna, L., Briefer, E. F., Favaro, L., McElligott, A. G. 2019. Goats distinguish between positive and negative emotion-linked vocalisations. Frontiers in Zoology. 16. 25.
Elevated sensitivity to tactile stimuli in stereotypic horses
2019
Briefer Freymond, S., Bardou, D., Beuret, S., Zuberbühler, K., Bachmann, I., Briefer., E. F. 2019. Elevated sensitivity to tactile stimuli in stereotypic horses. Frontiers in Veterinary Sciences. 6. 162.
Expression of emotional valence in pig closed-mouth grunts: involvement of both source- and filter-related parameters
2019
Briefer, E. F., Vizier, E., Gygax, L., Hillmann, E. 2019. Expression of emotional valence in pig closed-mouth grunts: involvement of both source- and filter-related parameters. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 145-2895.
Stereotypic horses (Equus caballus) are not cognitively impaired
2019
Baciadonna, L., Briefer Freymond, S., Ruet, A., Grivaz, M., Fuentes, C., Zuberbuehler, K., Bachmann, I., Briefer, E. F. 2019. Stereotypic horses (Equus caballus) are not cognitively impaired. Animal Cognition. 22. 17-33.
Perceptual lateralisation of vocal stimuli in goats
2019
Baciadonna, L., Nawroth, C., Briefer, E. F., McElligott, A. G. 2019. Perceptual lateralisation of vocal stimuli in goats. Current Zoology. 65. 67-74.
Double quantile regression accurately assesses distance to boundary trade‐offs
2019
Cardoso, G. C. 2019. Double quantile regression accurately assesses distance to boundary trade‐offs. Methods in Ecology and Evolution. 10. 1322-1331.
Urban birdsongs: higher minimum song frequency of an urban colonist persists in a common garden experiment
2019
Reichard, D. G., Atwell, J. W., Pandit, M. M., Cardoso, G. C., Price, T. D., & Ketterson, E. D. 2019. Urban birdsongs: higher minimum song frequency of an urban colonist persists in a common garden experiment. bioRxiv. 761734.
Can access to an automated grooming brush and/or a mirror reduce stress of dairy cows kept in social isolation?
2019
Mandel, R., Wenker, M. L., van Reenen, K., Keil, N. and Hillmann, E. 2019. Can access to an automated grooming brush and/or a mirror reduce stress of dairy cows kept in social isolation? Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 211. 1-8.
Evolution of non-kin cooperation: social assortment by cooperative phenotype in guppies
2019
Brask, J. B., Croft, D. P., Edenbrow, M., James, R., Bleakley, B. H., Ramnarine, I. W., Heathcote, R. J. P., Tyler, C. R., Hamilton, P. B., Dabelsteen, T., & Darden, S. K.. 2019. Evolution of non-kin cooperation: social assortment by cooperative phenotype in guppies. Royal Society Open Science. 6. 181493.
Seasonal variation and stability across years in a social network of wild giraffe
2019
Prehn, S. G., Laesser, B. E., Clausen, C. G., Jønck, K., Dabelsteen, T., & Brask, J. B. 2019. Seasonal variation and stability across years in a social network of wild giraffe. Animal Behaviour. 157. 95-104.
Territorial defense in a network: audiences only matter to male fiddler crabs primed for confrontation
2019
Darden, S. K., May, M. K., Boyland, N. K., & Dabelsteen, T. 2019. Territorial defense in a network: audiences only matter to male fiddler crabs primed for confrontation. Behavioral Ecology. 30. 336-340.